The World Is Flat - Worth a read!

The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century is a best-selling book by Thomas L. Friedman analyzing the progress of globalization with an emphasis on the early 21st century. It was first released in 2005 and was later released as an "updated and expanded" edition in 2006.

Overview

Friedman believes the world is flat in the sense that the competitive playing fields between industrial and emerging market countries are leveling. Friedman recounts many examples in which companies in India and China are becoming part of large global complex supply chains that extend across oceans, providing everything from service representatives and X-ray interpretation to component manufacturing. He also describes how these changes are made possible through intersecting technologies, particularly the Internet. Friedman criticizes those who resist these changes, arguing that global change is inevitable. He also warns that companies that are now part of a supply chain may eventually want to build a supply chain of their own. As he puts it, "they are racing us to the top." The World is Flat is part global reporting, part theory and reflection about how the world got here and what the ramifications are for education, government policy and readers.

In Chapter 11, "The Unflat World," Friedman discusses his philosophy of history: "I am a technological determinist! . . . I believe that capabilities create intentions. . . . But . . I am not a historical determinist". He notes that there are still three billion people who still live in an "unflat world" unaffected by the technologies and socioeconomic changes, sometimes this is caused by poverty. He addresses what these three billion people--as well as their governments and the world's businesses--need to do in order to join the "flat world."

Criticism

The central image of the book―the "flat" world―has been criticized by The Economist as an "inaccurate and empty image" that does not suit Friedman's own argument. While Friedman points out that the world is increasingly inter-connected, his image may suggest the opposite, as a flat world would be harder to navigate than a spherical one. However, Friedman more likely meant the metaphor to imply the "playing field is flat" in the competitive sense.

There has also been criticism of Friedman's use of the flat earth theory in his book. Friedman perpetuates the myth that Christopher Columbus set out to prove the world was round, while his contemporaries believed it was flat and that his ships would sail off the edge of the Earth. This false idea was begun by a biography of Columbus written by Washington Irving, and many have felt that Friedman should know better. However, even some critics of the Columbus reference have still been subject to the popular myth of the flat-earth era. The well-respected publication 'The Economist', in a review of Friedman's book, stated incorrectly that "Mr Friedman claims that this proved Columbus's thesis that the world is round. It did nothing of the kind. Proof that the world is round came only in 1522, when the sole surviving ship from Ferdinand Magellan's little fleet returned to Spain." In actuality, few people in 1492 believed the Earth to be flat.

Peak oil advocate James Howard Kunstler believes that the globalization model supported by Thomas Friedman is a "false doctrine" because it relies on cheap oil and implies a growth of its use, and in a century to be sealed by future oil depletion and global warming it is nor sustainable nor desirable.

Friedman's book recently became required reading for undergraduate engineering majors at Case Western Reserve University. For a counter perspective, students read excerpts from William Marling’s How 'American' is Globalization? in which Marling calls Friedman’s “flat world” metaphor “anachronistic” and “wrong” (202). The book is also required reading in an upper division computer science course at California Polytechnic State University and during the 2006 Orientation for the incoming class at Vanderbilt University MBA program.

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Corporate Study Team,
IMERT, Pune